主演导演：JeanRouch语言：法语地区:法国编剧：类型：纪录片/短片上映时间：2004-04-17 别名：MadMasters用户标签：纪录片,法国,短片,Jean_Rouch,JeanRouch,让·鲁什,documentary,1950s片长：36分钟imdb编号：tt0048363LesMaitresFousisabouttheceremonyofareligioussect,theHauka,whichwaswidespreadinWestAfricafromthe1920stothe1950s.HaukaparticipantswereusuallyruralmigrantsfromNigerwhocametocitiessuchasAccrainGhana(thenGoldCoast),wheretheyfoundworkaslaborersinthecity'slumberyards,asstevedoresatthedocks,orinthemines.Therewereatleast30,000practicingHaukainAccrain1954whenJeanRouchwasaskedbyasmallgrouptofilmtheirannualceremonyDuringthisritual,whichtookplaceonafarmafewhoursfromthecity,theHaukaenteredtranceandwerepossessedbyvariousspiritsassociatedwiththeWesterncolonialpowers:thegovernorgeneral,theengineer,thedoctor'swife,thewickedmajor,thecorporaloftheguard. 　　 　　TherootsoftheHaukalieintraditionalpossessioncultscommonamongtheSonghayandDjermapeoplesoftheNigerRiverbasin.Giftedmenandwomenmayentertranceandbecomepossessedbyanyofanumberofstronggods,suchasDongo,godofthunderandthesky.Supplicantsconsultthegodthroughthetrancingmediumandreceiveadviceabouttheirproblems,curesfordiseases,comfortandsupport,orreprimandsfortheirwrongdoings.Likethesetraditionalpossessioncults,theHaukasectco-existedwithIslamandincorporatedmanyIslamicsaintsandheroesintoitsrituals.MostofitsadherentswereMuslims. 　　 　　HaukafirstappearedinNiger,itisthought,inthepersonofaformersoldierwhoparticipatedinthesavagebattlesofthesecondGermanoffensiveofWorldWarIin1917and1918,inwhichWestAfricantroopsweredecimateddespitetheirspectacularperformance.ThissoldiermadethepilgrimagetoMeccaandreturnedtoNigerinthe1920s.Inhisvillage,inRouch'saccount,hefoundthepeople"doingatraditionaldanceandthesoldierwaspossessed,veryviolentlypossessed,andwhilepossessedhesaid'Iamtheavant-gardeofthenewgodswhoarecomingfromMalia[theRedSea].MynameisGovernorMaliaandIamthefirstofthenewgodswhoarecomingandtheyarethegodsofstrength'." 　　 　　TheHaukawerequicklysuppressedbytheFrenchauthoritiesinNiger,withthesupportoftraditionalchiefsandpriestswhofearedthepopularityofthenewmovementanditschallengetoestablishedauthority.ButtheHaukacultspread,evenwithinthejailwalls,andby1935theBritishadministrationinGhanaagainattemptedtosuppressitandtojailthecultists.FiresbrokeoutinresponsethroughoutAccra,andeventuallytherewasanagreementthatHaukapriestswouldlimittheirceremoniestocertainplacesandtoSaturdaysandSundays.Thiswasstillthecasein1954whenRouchfilmedLesMaitresFous,whichwasbannedbythecolonialgovernmentin1955. 　　 　　TheHaukamovementwasaphenomenonofthecolonialera.AftertheindependenceofGhanain1957,migrationwascontrolledandmanyHaukawhohadsettledinAccrareturnedtoNiger.Nigeritselfgainedindependencethreeyearslater,andtheHaukabegantosubsideandtobeabsorbedintothetraditionalreligioussystem.Dongo,forexample,theoldgodofthunder,isnowconsideredthefatheroftheHauka.AsRouchhaspointedout,"therewasnomorecolonialpowerandthereneverwasaHaukacalledKwameN'krumah."TheeventsfilmedrepresenttheendoftheHaukadevelopment.TodaythefilmisshowninthevillagesofGhanaandintheNigerCulturalCenter. 　　 　　TheimageryinLesMaitresFousispowerfulandoftendisturbing:possessedmenwithrollingeyesandfoamingatthemouth,eatingasacrificeddog(inviolationoftaboo),burningtheirbodieswithnamingtorches.Beyondtheimagery,thethemesarealsopowerful,andhavehadanimpactinourownculture:JeanGenet'sTheBlackswasmodeledupontheHaukainversioninwhichblacksassumetheroleofmasters,andPeterBrook'sMarat/SadewasinfluencedbythetheatricalityandinventedlanguageofHaukapossession.Yet,asRouchremindsusinaninterviewinCineaste,possessionfortheHaukacultistswasnottheaterbutreality.Thesignificanceofthisrealityisleftambiguousinthefilm,althoughRouch'scommentarysuggeststhattheritualprovidesapsychologicalreleasewhichenablestheHaukatobegoodworkersandtoendureadegradingsituationwithdignity.TheunexploredrelationoftheHaukamovementtotheircolonialexperience1-Sperhapsthemostintriguingissueraisedbythisceremonyinwhichtheoppressedbecome,foraday,thepossessedandthepowerful.《通灵仙师电影网友评论》看起来非常conventional的人类学approach纪录片，但其实确是没有任何一点conventional的地方了，鲁什，又一个“天真”的创作者。展现传统与现代两种生活形态的对照，相对于此前单纯展现“原始社会”的片子，可以说Rouch迈出了一大步。介于艺术与人文学之间，分裂般的癫狂究竟是发泄还是获得力量，它与清醒理智究竟哪种是原始状态，视听很不错让·鲁什的电影基本上就是一直有解说，英文字幕都这么高端，而且我从不知如何欣赏所谓的“真实电影”。撸完无语。毫无美感，但觉真实。黑人兄弟们的舞蹈和行为真的很奇怪，他们的脑洞应该足够大吧。影像人类学，让·鲁什现身说法，融入非洲，通灵跳神，神秘仪式，主观和客观记录之辩。@影视人类学这个才算是cultfilm嘛！后殖民主义时代的断裂和种种隐喻原来是个带有反抗殖民统治意味的docufiction，说是纪录片不合适吧。1.注意拍摄年代，加纳那时是怎样的国家；2.注意他们通灵后扮演的角色。28MAveclavoixdeJeanRouch.0310这题目翻译得太烂了，还不如直译，保留双关语。“美国众神”+“疯癫与文明”3.5

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